Transient psychoses in africans by Wolfang G. Jilek and Louise Jilek-Aall (notice bibliographique)

In Psychiatria clinica, 3 : 337-364 (1970)

Summary

A review of the literature reveals the paramount importance for African psychiatry of transient psychotic states of short duration and good prognosis, developing in close correlation with traurna of all kinds. Definition of their nosological status is attempted on the basis of data presented by various authors. Special consideration is given to the concept of bouffée délirante and related syndromes ; also to hysterical and schizophreniform psychoses. Organic and socio cultural aspects of aetiology are evaluated. The question of racial and ecological determinants is examined and compared with historical and contemporary reports from the European scene. Ile phenomenon of transient psychosis is not specific to any area or ethnic group but more prevalent in tradition directed cultures of pre industrial societies ; exacerbation under conditions of acculturative stress is evidenced. Hypothetical explanations are offered for the fact that the phenomenon is less conspicuous in contemporary Western societies.

References

AALL JILEK, L. M. : Geisteskrankheilen und Epilepsie im, tropischen Afrika. Fortschr. Neuroi. Psychiat. 32 : 213 259 (1964). Epilepsy in the Wapogoro tribe in Tanganyika. Acta psychiat. scand. 41 : 57 S6 (1965). ACKERKNECHT, E. H. : Psychopathology, primitive medicine and primitive culture.Bull. Inst. History Med. 14 : 30 67 (1943).

BERT, J. : Psychoses chez le noir : à propos de quelques observations. Méd. trop. Il : 57 60 (1951).

BLEULER, M. : Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie (Springer, Berlin/Gôttingen/Heidelberg 1960). Conception of schizophrenia within the last fifty years and tOda . Int. J. Psychiat. 1 : 501 515 (1965).

BONHOEFFER, K. : Die symptomatischen Psychosen (Berlin 1910).

BOROFFKA, A. : Psychiatrie in Nigeria. Zbl. f. Neur. Psychiat. 176 : 103 104 (1964).

CAROTHERS, J. C. : A study of mental derangement in Africans, and an attempt to explain its peculiarities, more especially in relation tu the African attitude to life. J. ment. Sci. 93 : 548 596 (1947). Frontal lobe fonction and the African. J. ment. Sci. 97 : 12 48 (1951). The African mind in health and disease. A study in ethnopsychiatry (WHO, Geneva 1953).

CHARCOT, M. : Leçons du mardi à la Salpétrière. Policlinique 1887 1888 (Battaille, Paris 1892).

COLLOMB, H. : Introduction à la psychiatrie tropicale. Méd. trop. 16 : 141 151 (1956). Assistance psychiatrique en Afrique. Expérience sénégalaise. Psychopathol. afric. 1 : 11 84 (1965a). Bouffées délirantes en psychiatrie africaine. Psychopathol. afric. 1 : 167 239 (1965b).

COLLOMB, H. et PLAs, R. : Les états délirants aigus. Méd. trop. 18 : 1 6 (1958).

DOUYON, E. : La crise de possession dans le Vaudou Witien ; Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of Montreal (1965).

EVANs Pp,rrcHARD, E. E. : Witchcraft, oracles and magie among the Azande (Oxford University Press, London 1937).

Ey, H. : Manuel de psychiatrie (Masson, Paris 1963).

FFNICHEL, 0. : The psychoanalytic tbeory of neurosis (Norton, New York 1945).

FIELD, M. J. : Mental illness in rural Ghana ; in CCTA/CSA 1959, pp. 158 163. Scarch for security. An ethno psychiatric study of rural Ghana (Northwestern University Press, Chicago 1962).

FORSTER, E. : Die klinische Stellung der Angstpsychose (Karger, Berlin 1910).

FORSTER, E. F. B. : A short psychiatric review from Ghana ; in CCTA/CSA 1959, pp. 37 41.

FREUD, S. : The origin, of psycho analysis. Letters to Wilheltn Fliess, drafts and notes : 1887 1902 ; ed. by M. BONAPARTE, A. FREUD and E. KRis (Imago, London 1954).

FRIEDREICIL, J. B. : Literargeschichie der Pathologie und Therapie der psychischen Krankheiten ; von den âltesten Zeiten bis zurn neunzehnten Jahrhundert (Würzburg 1830). (Reprint : Bonset, Amsterdam 1965).

GALLAis, P. et PLANQUES, L. : Etude sur les déficiences mentales dans les territoires d’outre mer. Perspectives ethnopsychiatriques dans l’union française. Méd. trop. Il : 5 32 (1951).

GELFAND, M. : Epilepsy in the African. Central Afric. J. Med. 3 : 11 12 (1957). Witchdoctor. Traditional medicine men of Rhodesia (Harvill Press, London 1964). The African witch (Livingstone, Edinburgh/London 1967).

GuLis, L. S. : Observations from South Africa ; in T. A. LAmBo Conf. Rep. First Pan African Psychiatrie Conf., Abeokuta, Nigeria, pp. 236 238 (Government Printer, Ibadan, Western Nigeria, 1962).

GRIESINGER, W. : Pathologie und Therapie der psychischen Krankheiten. Für Arzte und Studierende ; 2. Aufl. (Krabbe, Stuttgart 1967). (Reprint : Bonset, Amsterdam 1964).

HADDOCK, D. R. W. : Neurological disorders in Tanzania. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 68 : 161 166 (1965).

HiRscH, S. J. and HOLLENDER, M. H. : Hysterical psychosis : clarification of the concept. Amer. J. Psychiat. 125 : 909 915 (1969).

HOLLENDFR, M. H. and HIRSCH, S. J. : Hysterical psychosis. Amer. J. Psychiat. 120 : 1066 1074 (1964).

HUFELAND, C. W. : Bemerkungen über die natürlichen und inoculirten Blattern und verschiedene Kinderkrankbeiten ; 3. Aufl. (Berlin 1798).

KIEV, A. : Spirit possession in Haiti. Amer. J. Psychiat. 118 : 133 139 (1961). Psychotherapy in Haitian Voodoo. Review and Newsletter. Transcult. Res. Ment. Hlth Probl., McGill University, Montreal, No. 12 : 57 59 (1962).

KRAEPELiN, E. : Psychiatrie. Ein kurzes Lehrbuch für Studierende und Arzte (Arthur Meiner, Abel, Leipzig 1893). Vergleichende Psychiatrie. Cbl. Nervenheilk. Psychiat. 15 : 433 437 (1904). Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und ,Xrzte ; Bd. 2 (Barth, Leipzig 1910). Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und ATzte ; Bd. 3 (Barth, Leipzig 1913).

KRETSCHMER, E. : Medizinische Psychologie (Thieme, Stuttgari 1956).

LABHARDT, F. : Die schizophrenieâhnlichen Emotionspsychosen. Ein Beitrag zur Abgrenzung schizophrenieartiger Zustandsbilder (Springer, Berlin/Gôttingen/ Heidelberg 1963).

LAIBLIN ‘ W. : Ekstatische Mânnerbunde ; in W. BrrTER Massenwahn in Geschichte und Gegenwart, pp. 118 132 (Klett, Stuttgart 1965).

LAMBO, T. A. : The role of cultural factors in paranoid psychosis among the Yoruba tribe. J. ment. Sei. 101 : 239 265 (1955). Neuropsychiatrie observations in the Western region of Nigeria. Brit. med. J. ii : 1388 1394 (1956). Further neuropsychiatrie observations in Nigeria. Brit. med. J. ii : 124 (1960). Important areas of rescarch in tropical neurology ; in T. A. LAmao Conf. Rep. First PanAfrican Psychiatrie Conf. Abeokuta, Nigeria, pp.91 94. Government Printer, Ibadan, Western Nigeria 1962). Malignant anxiety ; a syndrome associated with criminal conduct in Africans. J. ment. Sei. 108 : 256 264 (1962). Schizophrenie and borderline states ; in A. V. S. DEREucK and R. PORTER Transcultural Psychiatry. Ciba Found. Symp., pp. 62 83 (Churchill, London 1965).

LANGFELDT, G. : Atypical schizophienias with special reference to the content of the term schizophreniform psychoses ; in R. H. CLEGHoRN et al. Proc. 3rd World Congr. of Psychiatry, Montreal 1961, pp. 33 34.

LAUBSCHER, B. J. F. : Sex, custont and psychopathology. A study of South African pagan natives (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1937).

LEvy, L. F. ; FoRBEs, J. I., and PARIRENYATWA, T. S. : Epilepsy in Africans. Central Afric. J. Med. 10 : 241 249 (1964).

MAGNAN. V. ; Cit. EY, H. : Manuel de psychiatrie, p. 245 (Masson, Paris 1963).

MARGEiTs, E. L. and RAmAN, A. C. : Report 1. Present position in different African countries ; in CCTA/CSA 1959, pp. 84 89.

MARS, L. : La schizophrénie en Haiti. Bulletin du Bureau d’Ethnologie, République d’Haïti. Série III, No. 15 : 39 57 (1958).

MEYNERT, T. : Die acuten (hallucinatorischen) Formen des Wahnsinns und ihr Verlauf. M. Psychiat., Wien 2 : 181 196 (1881). Amentia, die Verwirrtheit. Jb. Psychiat., Wien 9 : 1 112 (1889).

MIDDLETON, J. and WDTTER, E. H. : Witchcraft and sorcery in East Africa (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1963).

MOREL, B. A. : Traité des maladies mentales (Masson Paris 1860).

MURPHY, H. B. M. : Social change and mental health ; in Causes of mental disorders : a review of epidemiological knowledge, 1959, pp.280 340 (Milbank Memorial Fond, New York 1961).

MUSGRAVE, W. E. : Tropical neurasthenia, tropical hysteria and serre special tropical hysteria like neuropsychoses. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., Chicago 5 : 398 407 (1921).

PLANQUES, L. et Co_O ‘ H. : Les psychoses des noirs. Rev. Corps Santé milit. 13 :

SALLES, P. : Aspects pratiques des psychoses aiguës transitoires chez le noir d’Afrique centrale. Méd. trop. 21 : 1 10 (1961).

SCHAPERA, I. : Sorcery and witchcraft in Bechuanaland. African Affairs J. roy. Afric. Soc. 51 : 4152 (1952).

SHELLEY, H. M. and WATSON, W. H. : An investigation concerning mental disorder in the Nyasaland natives. J. ment. Sei. 82 : 701 730 (1936).

SIMONS, H. J. : Mental disease in Africans. Racial determinism. J. ment. Sei. 104 : 371 388 (1958).

SMARTT, C. G. F. : Mental maladjustment in the East African. J. ment. Sei. 102 : 441 466 (1956). Fpilepsy in Tanganyika and its treatment with primidone (mysoline). East Afric. med. J. 36 : 91 98 (1959). Short term treatment of the African psychotic. Central Afric. J. Med. 10 : 1 12 (1964).

STAEHELIN, B. : Zur Frage der Emotionspsychosen. Bull. schweiz. Akad. med. Wiss. 2 : 121 130 (1946/47).

STRANSKY, E. : Zut Klinik und Pathogenese gewisser Angstpsychosen. Mschr. Psychiat. Neurol. 14 : 128 139 (1903). Zur Lettre von der Dementia praccox. Cbl. Nervenheilk. Psychiat. 15. 1 19 (1904). Zut Amentiafrage. Cbl. Nervenheilk. Psychiat. 18 : 809 816 (1907).

TANNER, R. E. S. : The sorcerer in Northern Sukumaland, Tanganyika. Southwest. 1. Anthropol. 12 : 437 443 (1956).

THOMSON, J. H. : Ngoma : a transient insanity occurring in the Kikuyu and other tribes in British East Africa. East Africa Protectorale Annual Medical Report, Appendix I, pp. 73 74 (1916). Tooth, G. : Studies in mental illness in the Gold Coast (His Majesty’s Stationary Office, London 1950).

Verhaegen, P. : Les affections neurologiques et psychiatriques au Congo Belge. Acta neurol. psychiat. belg. 55 : 111 122 (1955).

VOGEL, S. G. : Versuch cinigcr niedicinisch practischen Beobachtungen (Gôttingen 1777).

VYNCKE, J. C. : Psychoses et névroses en Afrique centrale. Académie royale des sciences coloniales. Classe des sciences naturelles et médicales, Bruxelles (1957).

WEISER, L. : Altgermanische Jiinglingsweihen und Mânnerbünde (Konkordia, Bühl [Baden] 1927).

WEISER AALL, L. : Personal communication (1966).

WHITE, C. M. N. : Witchcraft, divination and magic among the Balovale tribes. Africa, J. Int. Afric. Inst. 18 : 81 104 (1948).

WILSON, M. : Witch beliefs and social structure. Amer. J. Sociol. 56 : 301 313 (1951).

Aller au contenu principal